One Year After Defying Putin, a Ukraine of Cronies Is Choking on Its Own Red …
Thirteen floors above a snow-covered complex on the outskirts of Kyiv, in a half-built high-rise, Egor Popov wondered aloud when the warren of dusty rooms would be ready for move-in: maybe next year, probably not.
Presales on the 1,210-unit Sun Gate’s fourth wing, still a concrete-and-brick skeleton accessible only by a shaky open-air elevator, may be delayed, he said. Not because of a lack of financing or demand for flats. The issue is the nine layers of red tape and graft requests that are part of finishing the project, said Popov, a spokesman for TMM Real Estate Development Plc, Ukraine’s only publicly listed developer.
A year after Ukrainians rose up against the pro-Russian policies of then-President Viktor Yanukovych, business leaders still wait for an end to corruption and cronyism, promised by the revolution’s leaders. Even as war rages in the east and the deepest recession since 2009 shows no sign of lifting, the president, premier and foreign minister said in the past week that graft is the nation’s biggest threat. Ukraine ranks as Europe’s worst on Transparency International’s corruption index.
Standoff in Ukraine
“Man cannot live by patriotism alone,” said Popov as blue-and-yellow Ukrainian flags fluttered from balcony railings across the courtyard. “The year that’s passed hasn’t brought many positive things to ordinary people. Bureaucracy and corruption just haven’t changed.”
IMF Aid
As foreign investors flee the former Soviet republic, Ukraine relies on a $17 billion loan from the International Monetary Fund to stay afloat. The hryvnia has lost 45 percent against the dollar this year, the biggest decline among all currencies tracked by Bloomberg. Central bank reserves are at $12.6 billion, the lowest level since March 2005.
It may get worse. IMF negotiators left Kyiv on Nov. 25 without an agreement needed for disbursement of a $2.8 billion installment of the loan. Two days later, lawmakers met one of the key concerns by agreeing on a government coalition, a month after snap parliamentary elections.
Lawmakers have been debating behind closed doors the candidates for the new cabinet before a vote on its approval following October elections and new members of parliament committees. The cabinet’s “key challenge” will be to fight “total corruption,” President Petro Poroshenko said last week. A vote may come as early as tonight.
About-Face
Ukraine has been in tumult since December 2013, following Yanukovych’s surprise about-face on his promise to sign a European Union trade agreement, the first step in eventual membership. Instead, he sided with Russia, sparking mass demonstrations that choked Kyiv’s city center for months and led to the deaths of more than 100 protesters.
The country was rocked further by Russia’s forced annexation of the Crimea peninsula in March and the ensuing conflict in the eastern regions of Luhansk and Donetsk. Ukraine, the U.S. and the EU accuse Russia of financing and supporting the separatist effort with military aid. Russia denies accusations it is fomenting the conflict, saying it is only supplying humanitarian aid to pro-Russian rebels.
Even so, business leaders and economists say the government should have done better in stamping out corruption and red tape and has been hiding its failure behind the war effort.
Progress Dearth
Business people “are frustrated by the lack of progress,” said Nicholas Burge, the head of the European Commission’s trade and economic delegation to Ukraine. If the incoming government fails to implement changes in its first six months, “then that window will have been lost.”
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development President Suma Chakrabarti, who met with Poroshenko and Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk on Nov. 25, said the two leaders agreed on establishing a Ukrainian “business ombudsman” by year’s end.
“There is much more political commitment” to fight graft than a year ago, Chakrabarti said in a phone interview after the meeting. “But it will not happen tomorrow. No country has ever managed to tackle corruption in one year.”
Ukraine ranks 144th among 177 nations in last year’s corruption-perception list by Berlin-based Transparency International, unchanged from the year before. The World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business index shows Ukraine at 96, better than only Bosnia Herzegovina in Europe.
Political Will
Investigative journalist Tetiana Chornovol, appointed in the spring to lead the anti-graft office, quit in August. She said it was useless because there is no political will to conduct a full-scale war on corruption.
“Fighting corruption will be a priority,” said Gianni Pittella, a member of the European Parliament, in an interview last night after meeting Poroshenko and Yatsenyuk. “It is the most important reform. IMF gives money, other partners give money, but where is the money going? We want to make sure it is going to people.”
One sign of action can be seen on the website of Ukraine’s prosecutor-general’s office, which regularly reports on arrests and seizures. Few names are given in the announcements, mostly companies only, and progress of the cases isn’t publicly available.
The website did say that the frozen bank accounts of Serhiy Arbuzov, a Yanukovych ally who served as prime minister and fled to Moscow in February, were unexpectedly unfrozen in Nov. 21 for 24 hours by a court in Kyiv.
Wanted List
Arbuzov is on an international wanted list and is a suspect for misappropriation of money, Svyatoslav Lahanyak, the first deputy head of the main investigation department of the Prosecutor-General’s office, said in televised remarks on Channel 5 yesterday. He said in a statement that no money left the country during the period when the freeze was lifted.
Arbuzov’s press service didn’t pick up a call to its mobile phone and didn’t immediately answer an e-mailed request.
At TMM, the developer, Financial Director Larysa Chyvurina said some bureaucrats are “highly inventive” and manage to be “more successful than most businessmen” — on salaries of 3,000 hryvnia a month.
This year, a state work safety inspector demanded $5,000 to sign off on the final inspection of a completed TMM site, she said. TMM refused. It doesn’t pay bribes, Chyvurina said.
“Authorities should finally give business, either small or large, the chance to move forward and develop,” she said.
Trying Hard
Prime Minister Yatsenyuk told lawmakers on Nov. 26 that he has been less than successful at rooting out corruption, though he refuted the idea that his administration hasn’t tried.
“Am I satisfied with my work? Of course I’m not, because one always wants to do more and to do better,” Yatsenyuk said a day before he was re-elected to lead the cabinet. “But have we done everything we could? I can tell you clearly, yes we have.”
Foreign Minister Pavlo Klimkin said during a news conference on Nov. 26: “We are fully committed to undertake a reform program in the key spheres, including fighting corruption, the rule of law and decentralization. These would be the key preconditions for success of the whole reform program.”
More Freedom
At least, executives and analysts say, politicians are now allowing freedom of speech and are trying to reorient the country toward the EU and away from Russia. More than 4,300 people have died in fighting between pro-Russia rebels and Ukrainian forces in the east.
“We have authorities with pro-European values and moods, and this is what people took to the streets for a year ago,” said Anna Derevyanko, the head of Kyiv’s European Business Association. The association’s third-quarter report, issued Nov. 13, found that 11 percent of Ukraine’s top managers said corruption was on the rise, versus 7 percent a year ago.
Even so, the violence has cut into business. Kyiv-based Winner Imports Ukraine, which supplies Ford, Volvo, Jaguar, Land Rover and Porsche models to car dealerships, pulled out of Crimea and the eastern provinces of Donetsk and Luhansk.
Arming Draftees
ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih, the Ukrainian branch of the Luxembourg-based steelmaker, spent more than 2 million hryvnia on bullet-protective vests and uniforms for 280 workers who had been drafted to fight in the east and couldn’t get equipment from the state, said Serhiy Teslyuk, the company’s deputy CEO for labor safety, in written comments.
Workers are growing increasingly unmotivated as the promises of the winter revolution fizzle, executives say.
“I feel an emptiness in people’s minds and souls,” Alex Lissitsa, the chief executive of Warsaw-traded agriculture producer Industrial Milk Co. “I’m very concerned about how to keep up employees’ spirits.”
Fashion brands New Look, OVS, River Island, Esprit, Lee Cooper and Tengelmann Group’s German Obi home-improvement chain are among foreign investors leaving Ukraine. Foreign direct investments fell to $606 million in the third quarter, less than half the level of the same period a year before.
Myriad Approvals
TMM’s Popov says he’s still willing to be patient, even as his company sometimes has to go to multiple offices for the same approvals.
The new open environment helps offset that, he said. In the past, companies were afraid to brag about successes in press releases because they feared potential raiders with links to the state, he said.
“For businessmen, it was a huge step forward, in the sense that we can speak freely and not be afraid to do so,” he said.
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To contact the reporters on this story: James M. Gomez in Prague at jagomez@bloomberg.net; Kateryna Choursina in Kyiv at kchoursina@bloomberg.net; Aliaksandr Kudrytski in Minsk, Belarus at akudrytski@bloomberg.net
To contact the editors responsible for this story: Gelu Sulugiuc at gsulugiuc@bloomberg.net Anne Swardson